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PS Ch 1

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
How are science and technology related?
a.
Technology is a branch of natural science.
b.
Science is a branch of technology.
c.
Advances in science may lead to advances in technology and vice versa.
d.
Science and technology are not related.
 

 2. 
Which of the following is NOT one of the main ideas of physical science?
a.
The universe is very old and very large.
b.
Forces cause changes in motion.
c.
Energy can be transferred from one form to another, but it can never be destroyed.
d.
One of the main branches of natural science is biology.
 

 3. 
What are the building blocks of all matter?
a.
forces
c.
magnetic fields
b.
atoms
d.
kinetic and potential energy
 

 4. 
In which step of the scientific method is information obtained through the senses?
a.
drawing conclusions
c.
analyzing data
b.
making observations
d.
revising a hypothesis
 

 5. 
What is a physical or mental representation of an object or an event?
a.
a theory
c.
a model
b.
a hypothesis
d.
a scientific law
 

 6. 
Which of the following is an example of a safe laboratory procedure?
a.
tying back long hair and loose clothing
b.
eating or drinking from laboratory glassware
c.
touching hot objects with your bare hands
d.
testing an odor by directly inhaling the vapor
 

 7. 
What is 1 centimeter equal to?
a.
100 meters
c.
10 millimeters
b.
1/10 of a millimeter
d.
100 millimeters
 

 8. 
The type of graph used to show how a part of something relates to the whole is a
a.
circle graph
c.
line graph
b.
bar graph
d.
direct proportion
 

 9. 
A measurement standard is defined as ____.
a.
a system of prefixes
b.
the distance between two points
c.
the exact quantity people agree to use for comparison
d.
the interval between two events
 

 10. 
The prefix kilo- means ____.
a.
1,000
c.
0.01
b.
100
d.
0.001
 

 11. 
The prefix milli- means ____.
a.
1,000
c.
0.01
b.
100
d.
0.001
 

 12. 
The correct symbol for the SI unit of temperature is ____.
a.
ºC
c.
K
b.
ºF
d.
s
 

 13. 
The SI unit that is used to measure time is the ____.
a.
kelvin
c.
second
b.
kilogram
d.
meter
 

 14. 
The variable plotted on the horizontal or x-axis is called the ____.
a.
dependent variable
c.
variable with the largest range
b.
independent variable
d.
variable with the smallest range
 

 15. 
How many meters are there in 1,865 cm?
a.
0.1865
c.
18.65
b.
1.865
d.
186.5
 

 16. 
In a graph showing temperature change of a material over time, temperature change is the ____.
a.
dependent variable
c.
variable with the largest range
b.
independent variable
d.
variable with the smallest range
 

 17. 
The best type of graph to use to show how some fixed quantity is broken down into parts is ____.
a.
bar graph
c.
circle graph
b.
line graph
d.
scatter graph
 

 18. 
One benefit of the SI system is that it is ____.
a.
based on units of 100
c.
based on multiples of ten
b.
not used to measure temperature
d.
not used in the United States
 

 19. 
A beaker contains 0.32 L of water. What is the volume of this water in milliliters?
a.
320 mL
c.
32 mL
b.
3.2 mL
d.
0.32 mL
 

 20. 
A box is 25 cm long, 6 cm wide, and 4 cm high. How many cubic centimeters of water can it hold?
a.
600
c.
150
b.
25
d.
24
 

 21. 
The lightbulb is an example of ____.
a.
a dependent variable
c.
pure science
b.
an exercise
d.
technology
 

 22. 
Another term for technology is ____.
a.
applied science
c.
matter
b.
energy
d.
pure science
 

 23. 
The process of gathering information through the senses is called ____.
a.
analysis
c.
hypothesis
b.
observation
d.
inference
 

 24. 
When designing an experiment, the first step is to ____.
a.
analyze the data
c.
state a hypothesis
b.
list a procedure
d.
state the problem
 

 25. 
A rule or principle that describes what happens in nature is a ____.
a.
hypothesis
c.
scientific law
b.
problem
d.
theory
 

 26. 
An explanation of an event that is based on repeated observations and experiments is a ____.
a.
hypothesis
c.
problem
b.
scientific law
d.
theory
 

 27. 
An idea, event, or object can be represented by a ____ to help people better understand it.
a.
constant
c.
law
b.
hypothesis
d.
model
 

 28. 
In an experiment to determine whether the popping of popcorn is affected by the temperature at which it is stored, counting the popped kernels is an example of a(n) ____.
a.
conclusion
c.
hypothesis
b.
control
d.
observation
 

 29. 
A standard for comparison that helps to ensure that the experimental result is caused by the condition being tested is the ____.
a.
constant
c.
dependent variable
b.
control
d.
hypothesis
 

 30. 
A factor in an experiment that changes from the manipulation of the independent variable is the ____.
a.
constant
c.
dependent variable
b.
control
d.
hypothesis
 

 31. 
A factor that does NOT change in an experiment is the ____.
a.
constant
c.
dependent variable
b.
control
d.
hypothesis
 

 32. 
Studying the effect of one thing on another in order to test a hypothesis is a(n) ____.
a.
exercise
c.
constant
b.
experiment
d.
problem
 

 33. 
A factor that is manipulated in an experiment to change the dependent variable is the ____.
a.
constant
c.
control
b.
dependent variable
d.
independent variable
 

 34. 
The application of scientific knowledge to help people is ____.
a.
a discovery
c.
pure science
b.
a hypothesis
d.
technology
 

Matching
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a.
milli-
g.
kilogram
b.
kilo-
h.
cubic centimeter
c.
centi-
i.
meter
d.
mass
j.
dependent variable
e.
kelvin
k.
SI
f.
second
 

 35. 
amount of material in an object
 

 36. 
SI unit of time
 

 37. 
SI unit of length
 

 38. 
SI prefix meaning 0.001
 

 39. 
worldwide system of measurement
 

 40. 
SI prefix meaning 1,000
 

 41. 
plotted on the vertical or y-axis
 

 42. 
SI unit of temperature
 

 43. 
SI unit of mass
 

 44. 
SI prefix meaning 0.01
 

 45. 
derived unit of volume
 
 
Read the paragraph and then match each item with the correct statement below.
An experiment was designed to investigate the effect of caffeine on the heartbeat of water fleas. Two populations of water fleas were cultured. Both populations had water with the same mineral content, were supplied with identical amounts of bacteria as food, received the same amount of light, and had their temperature maintained at 20ºC. Every two hours, water fleas from both populations were selected and their heartbeats were monitored. The fleas of population one had caffeine administered five minutes before their heartbeat was checked. The fleas of population two were given nothing.
a.
independent variable
c.
constant
b.
dependent variable
d.
control
 

 46. 
What part of the experiment was the food?
 

 47. 
What part of the experiment was the heartbeat?
 

 48. 
What part of the experiment was the water temperature?
 

 49. 
What part of the experiment was population two?
 

 50. 
What part of the experiment was the caffeine?
 

Short Answer
 
 
ps_ch_1_web_test_files/i0560000.jpg
Figure 1-3
 

 51. 
Use the graph in Figure 1-3 to find the number of grams of sugar that will dissolve in 100 grams of water at 80ºC.
 

 52. 
Use the graph in Figure 1-3 to find the temperature, in Celsius, that will dissolve 300 g of sugar in 100 g of water.
 

 53. 
What is the dependent variable in the graph shown on Figure 1-3?
 

 54. 
Use the graph in Figure 1-3 to find the temperature, in kelvins, that will dissolve 400 g of sugar in 100 g of water.
 

Problem
 
 
ps_ch_1_web_test_files/i0620000.jpg
Figure 1-1
 

 55. 
Use the graph in Figure 1-1 to determine the percent of human blood that is NOT red blood cells.
 
 
ps_ch_1_web_test_files/i0640000.jpg
Figure 1-2
 

 56. 
Use Figure 1-2 to find the percentage of adults who carpool compared to the number of adults who ride the bus.
 



 
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